Common USB components between appliance and disk
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Try a different USB cable
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Try with or without a HUB
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Try a powered or non-powered HUB
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Try a different USB disk entirely
Same disk and enclosure models
Try a different model of enclosure and disk to isolate a problem model.
Appliance USB hardware
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Try a different USB port, including the front and back of the appliance
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Try using the disks with another host
This will likely involve formatting them since appliance uses Linux file system for archiving.
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Copy large amounts of data to the disks and watch for failures
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Reconnect and perform the tests